diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 61ae4e3..5e011b6 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -248,3 +248,249 @@ clean-tests: clean-inputs clean-outputs
 clean:
 	@echo "Cleaning up $(BUILD_DIR)/..."
 	@rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Benchmark Target (Advanced)
+# - N, M 증가 (Step)
+# - 동일 조건 반복 (Repeat)
+# - 유효성 검사 (Validator) 포함
+# - 상세 정보(Seed, Command) CSV 기록
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BENCH_TIMESTAMP = $(shell date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
+BENCH_CSV = $(LOG_DIR)/benchmark_results_$(BENCH_TIMESTAMP).csv
+BENCH_META = $(LOG_DIR)/benchmark_results_$(BENCH_TIMESTAMP).meta
+
+START_N ?= 10000
+END_N ?= 50000
+STEP_N ?= 1000
+# M 계산식 (bash arithmetic expansion 문법)
+M_CALC ?= n * 4
+
+# 동일 조건 반복 횟수
+REPEAT ?= 5
+
+.PHONY: benchmark
+benchmark: all $(CHK_EXE) $(LOG_DIR)
+	@echo "--- Starting Benchmark ---"
+	@echo "Data: $(BENCH_CSV)"
+	@echo "Meta: $(BENCH_META)"
+	
+	@# 1. 메타 파일(.meta)에 실행 정보 기록
+	@echo "Execution Info: Date=$(BENCH_TIMESTAMP) | Host=$(shell hostname)" > $(BENCH_META)
+	@echo "Reproduce Command: make benchmark START_N=$(START_N) END_N=$(END_N) STEP_N=$(STEP_N) REPEAT=$(REPEAT) M_CALC='$(M_CALC)' SOL_A=$(SOL_A) SOL_B=$(SOL_B) gen=$(gen)" >> $(BENCH_META)
+	
+	@# 2. CSV 파일(.csv)에는 순수 헤더만 기록 (엑셀 호환성 확보)
+	@echo "N,M,Iter,Seed,$(SOL_A)_Time,$(SOL_B)_Time,Gen_Cmd,Sol_A_Cmd,Sol_B_Cmd" > $(BENCH_CSV)
+	
+	@bash -c ' \
+		export LC_ALL=C; \
+		TIMEFORMAT=%R; \
+		\
+		for (( n=$(START_N); n<=$(END_N); n+=$(STEP_N) )); do \
+			m=$$(( $(M_CALC) )); \
+			\
+			for (( r=1; r<=$(REPEAT); r++ )); do \
+				SEED=$$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -cd "a-zA-Z0-9" | head -c 32); \
+				\
+				TMP_IN="$(BUILD_IN_DIR)/bench_in_$(BENCH_TIMESTAMP)_$$$$.tmp"; \
+				TMP_OUT_A="$(BUILD_DIR)/bench_out_a_$(BENCH_TIMESTAMP)_$$$$.tmp"; \
+				TMP_OUT_B="$(BUILD_DIR)/bench_out_b_$(BENCH_TIMESTAMP)_$$$$.tmp"; \
+				\
+				CMD_GEN="./$(GEN_TO_RUN) -N $$n -M $$m $$SEED"; \
+				CMD_SOL_A="./$(SOL_A_EXE) < input"; \
+				CMD_SOL_B="./$(SOL_B_EXE) < input"; \
+				\
+				printf "Run: N=%-5d M=%-5d Iter=%-2d ... " $$n $$m $$r; \
+				\
+				$$CMD_GEN > $$TMP_IN; \
+				\
+				t_a=$$( { time ./$(SOL_A_EXE) < $$TMP_IN > $$TMP_OUT_A; } 2>&1 ); \
+				t_b=$$( { time ./$(SOL_B_EXE) < $$TMP_IN > $$TMP_OUT_B; } 2>&1 ); \
+				\
+				if ! ./$(CHK_EXE) $$TMP_IN $$TMP_OUT_A $$TMP_OUT_B > /dev/null 2>&1; then \
+					printf "\n[FAIL] Checker found mismatch!\n"; \
+					echo "Seed: $$SEED"; \
+					echo "Check Metafile: $(BENCH_META)"; \
+					exit 1; \
+				fi; \
+				\
+				echo "$$n,$$m,$$r,$$SEED,$$t_a,$$t_b,\"$$CMD_GEN\",\"$$CMD_SOL_A\",\"$$CMD_SOL_B\"" >> $(BENCH_CSV); \
+				\
+				echo "OK. [A: $${t_a}s] [B: $${t_b}s]"; \
+				\
+				rm -f $$TMP_IN $$TMP_OUT_A $$TMP_OUT_B; \
+			done; \
+		done \
+	'
+	@echo "--- Benchmark Complete! ---"
+	@echo "CSV Data: $(BENCH_CSV)"
+	@echo "Metadata: $(BENCH_META)"
+
+# .PHONY: benchmark
+# benchmark: all $(CHK_EXE) $(LOG_DIR)
+# 	@echo "--- Starting Benchmark with Checker ---"
+# 	@echo "Range: N=[$(START_N) .. $(END_N)], Step=$(STEP_N)"
+# 	@echo "Formula: M = $(M_CALC)"
+# 	@echo "Checker: $(CHK_EXE)"
+# 	@echo "Output: $(BENCH_CSV)"
+	
+# 	@echo "N,M,Iter,Seed,$(SOL_A)_Time,$(SOL_B)_Time,Gen_Cmd,Sol_A_Cmd,Sol_B_Cmd" > $(BENCH_CSV)
+	
+# 	@bash -c ' \
+# 		export LC_ALL=C; \
+# 		TIMEFORMAT=%R; \
+# 		\
+# 		for (( n=$(START_N); n<=$(END_N); n+=$(STEP_N) )); do \
+# 			m=$$(( $(M_CALC) )); \
+# 			\
+# 			for (( r=1; r<=$(REPEAT); r++ )); do \
+# 				SEED=$$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -cd "a-zA-Z0-9" | head -c 32); \
+# 				\
+# 				# 병렬 실행을 위한 임시 파일명 설정 (Input, OutA, OutB) \
+# 				TMP_IN="$(BUILD_IN_DIR)/bench_in_$(BENCH_TIMESTAMP)_$$$$.tmp"; \
+# 				TMP_OUT_A="$(BUILD_DIR)/bench_out_a_$(BENCH_TIMESTAMP)_$$$$.tmp"; \
+# 				TMP_OUT_B="$(BUILD_DIR)/bench_out_b_$(BENCH_TIMESTAMP)_$$$$.tmp"; \
+# 				\
+# 				CMD_GEN="./$(GEN_TO_RUN) -N $$n -M $$m $$SEED"; \
+# 				CMD_SOL_A="./$(SOL_A_EXE) < input"; \
+# 				CMD_SOL_B="./$(SOL_B_EXE) < input"; \
+# 				\
+# 				printf "Run: N=%-5d M=%-5d Iter=%-2d ... " $$n $$m $$r; \
+# 				\
+# 				# 1. Generator 실행 \
+# 				$$CMD_GEN > $$TMP_IN; \
+# 				\
+# 				# 2. Sol A 실행 (시간 측정 + 출력 저장) \
+# 				t_a=$$( { time ./$(SOL_A_EXE) < $$TMP_IN > $$TMP_OUT_A; } 2>&1 ); \
+# 				\
+# 				# 3. Sol B 실행 (시간 측정 + 출력 저장) \
+# 				t_b=$$( { time ./$(SOL_B_EXE) < $$TMP_IN > $$TMP_OUT_B; } 2>&1 ); \
+# 				\
+# 				# 4. Checker 실행 (비교) \
+# 				if ! ./$(CHK_EXE) $$TMP_IN $$TMP_OUT_A $$TMP_OUT_B > /dev/null 2>&1; then \
+# 					printf "\n[FAIL] Checker found mismatch!\n"; \
+# 					echo "Seed: $$SEED"; \
+# 					echo "Input saved to: $$TMP_IN"; \
+# 					echo "Out A saved to: $$TMP_OUT_A"; \
+# 					echo "Out B saved to: $$TMP_OUT_B"; \
+# 					exit 1; \
+# 				fi; \
+# 				\
+# 				# 5. 통과 시 CSV 기록 \
+# 				echo "$$n,$$m,$$r,$$SEED,$$t_a,$$t_b,\"$$CMD_GEN\",\"$$CMD_SOL_A\",\"$$CMD_SOL_B\"" >> $(BENCH_CSV); \
+# 				\
+# 				echo "OK. [A: $${t_a}s] [B: $${t_b}s]"; \
+# 				\
+# 				# 6. 임시 파일 삭제 \
+# 				rm -f $$TMP_IN $$TMP_OUT_A $$TMP_OUT_B; \
+# 			done; \
+# 		done \
+# 	'
+# 	@echo "--- Benchmark Complete! Data saved to $(BENCH_CSV) ---"
+
+# .PHONY: benchmark
+# benchmark: all $(LOG_DIR)
+# 	@echo "--- Starting Advanced Benchmark ---"
+# 	@echo "Range: N=[$(START_N) .. $(END_N)], Step=$(STEP_N)"
+# 	@echo "Formula: M = $(M_CALC)"
+# 	@echo "Repeat: $(REPEAT) times per setting"
+# 	@echo "Output: $(BENCH_CSV)"
+	
+# 	@echo "N,M,Iter,Seed,$(SOL_A)_Time,$(SOL_B)_Time,Gen_Cmd,Sol_A_Cmd,Sol_B_Cmd" > $(BENCH_CSV)
+	
+# 	@bash -c ' \
+# 		export LC_ALL=C; \
+# 		TIMEFORMAT=%R; \
+# 		\
+# 		for (( n=$(START_N); n<=$(END_N); n+=$(STEP_N) )); do \
+# 			m=$$(( $(M_CALC) )); \
+# 			\
+# 			for (( r=1; r<=$(REPEAT); r++ )); do \
+# 				SEED=$$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -cd "a-zA-Z0-9" | head -c 32); \
+# 				\
+# 				# [변경] 파일명에 타임스탬프와 PID($$)를 포함하여 충돌 방지 \
+# 				TMP_IN="$(BUILD_IN_DIR)/bench_input_$(BENCH_TIMESTAMP)_$$$$.tmp"; \
+# 				\
+# 				CMD_GEN="./$(GEN_TO_RUN) -N $$n -M $$m $$SEED"; \
+# 				CMD_SOL_A="./$(SOL_A_EXE) < input"; \
+# 				CMD_SOL_B="./$(SOL_B_EXE) < input"; \
+# 				\
+# 				printf "Run: N=%-5d M=%-5d Iter=%-2d ... " $$n $$m $$r; \
+# 				\
+# 				$$CMD_GEN > $$TMP_IN; \
+# 				\
+# 				if ! ./$(VAL_EXE) < $$TMP_IN > /dev/null 2>&1; then \
+# 					echo " [FAIL] Validator rejected input! Seed: $$SEED"; \
+# 					rm -f $$TMP_IN; \
+# 					exit 1; \
+# 				fi; \
+# 				\
+# 				t_a=$$( { time ./$(SOL_A_EXE) < $$TMP_IN > /dev/null; } 2>&1 ); \
+# 				t_b=$$( { time ./$(SOL_B_EXE) < $$TMP_IN > /dev/null; } 2>&1 ); \
+# 				\
+# 				echo "$$n,$$m,$$r,$$SEED,$$t_a,$$t_b,\"$$CMD_GEN\",\"$$CMD_SOL_A\",\"$$CMD_SOL_B\"" >> $(BENCH_CSV); \
+# 				\
+# 				echo "OK. [A: $${t_a}s] [B: $${t_b}s]"; \
+# 				\
+# 				rm -f $$TMP_IN; \
+# 			done; \
+# 		done \
+# 	'
+# 	@echo "--- Benchmark Complete! Data saved to $(BENCH_CSV) ---"
+
+# .PHONY: benchmark
+# benchmark: all $(LOG_DIR)
+# 	@echo "--- Starting Advanced Benchmark ---"
+# 	@echo "Range: N=[$(START_N) .. $(END_N)], Step=$(STEP_N)"
+# 	@echo "Formula: M = $(M_CALC)"
+# 	@echo "Repeat: $(REPEAT) times per setting"
+# 	@echo "Validator: $(VAL_EXE)"
+# 	@echo "Output: $(BENCH_CSV)"
+	
+# 	@# CSV Header 작성
+# 	@echo "N,M,Iter,Seed,$(SOL_A)_Time,$(SOL_B)_Time,Gen_Cmd,Sol_A_Cmd,Sol_B_Cmd" > $(BENCH_CSV)
+	
+# 	@bash -c ' \
+# 		export LC_ALL=C; \
+# 		TIMEFORMAT=%R; \
+# 		\
+# 		# 1. N 루프 \
+# 		for (( n=$(START_N); n<=$(END_N); n+=$(STEP_N) )); do \
+# 			m=$$(( $(M_CALC) )); \
+# 			\
+# 			# 2. 반복 루프 (Repeat) \
+# 			for (( r=1; r<=$(REPEAT); r++ )); do \
+# 				SEED=$$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -cd "a-zA-Z0-9" | head -c 32); \
+# 				TMP_IN="$(BUILD_IN_DIR)/bench_input.tmp"; \
+# 				\
+# 				# 명령어 문자열 구성 (CSV 기록용) \
+# 				CMD_GEN="./$(GEN_TO_RUN) -N $$n -M $$m $$SEED"; \
+# 				CMD_SOL_A="./$(SOL_A_EXE) < input"; \
+# 				CMD_SOL_B="./$(SOL_B_EXE) < input"; \
+# 				\
+# 				printf "Run: N=%-5d M=%-5d Iter=%-2d ... " $$n $$m $$r; \
+# 				\
+# 				# 3. Generator 실행 \
+# 				$$CMD_GEN > $$TMP_IN; \
+# 				\
+# 				# 4. Validator 실행 (실패 시 즉시 종료) \
+# 				if ! ./$(VAL_EXE) < $$TMP_IN > /dev/null 2>&1; then \
+# 					echo " [FAIL] Validator rejected input! Seed: $$SEED"; \
+# 					exit 1; \
+# 				fi; \
+# 				\
+# 				# 5. 솔루션 실행 및 시간 측정 \
+# 				t_a=$$( { time ./$(SOL_A_EXE) < $$TMP_IN > /dev/null; } 2>&1 ); \
+# 				t_b=$$( { time ./$(SOL_B_EXE) < $$TMP_IN > /dev/null; } 2>&1 ); \
+# 				\
+# 				# 6. CSV 저장 (명령어에 콤마가 포함될 수 있으므로 따옴표로 감싸는 것이 안전하나, 여기선 단순화) \
+# 				echo "$$n,$$m,$$r,$$SEED,$$t_a,$$t_b,\"$$CMD_GEN\",\"$$CMD_SOL_A\",\"$$CMD_SOL_B\"" >> $(BENCH_CSV); \
+# 				\
+# 				echo "OK. [A: $${t_a}s] [B: $${t_b}s]"; \
+# 				\
+# 				rm -f $$TMP_IN; \
+# 			done; \
+# 		done \
+# 	'
+# 	@echo "--- Benchmark Complete! Data saved to $(BENCH_CSV) ---"
\ No newline at end of file